Features Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate are low in the neonate and young infant due to increased vascular resistance Reach adult levels between 1 and 2 years age Loop of Henle is short in newborns and tubular function is immature during first yearLess...
Features Young children have an undeveloped hypothalamus Large surface area to weight ratioIncreased thermal conductanceSubcutaneous tissue is 20-30% thinner than adultsPoorly developed shivering, sweating and vasoconstriction mechanisms In neonates and young infants,...
Features Cerebral metabolic requirement for oxygen (CMRO2) and cerebral blood flow are higher in young childrenBrain forms higher % of body weight (10–15% of body weight at birth, but only 2% of body weight by the age of 8 years) Blood brain barrier is poorly...
Features Myocardium less contractileVentricle is less compliant and less able to generate tension during contractionLimits size of and changes in stroke volume Vagal parasympathetic tone is most dominantSinus arrhythmia is common Systolic, diastolic, and mean BP...
Features Limited respiratory reserve due to fatigable muscles, differing respiratory mechanics, increased dead space and reduced functional residual capacity (FRC) Ventilation is primarily diaphragmaticDiaphragm is relatively horizontal rather than dome shapedBulky...
