Invasive
'One-Time'
- Lumbar puncture and manometry
Continuous
- External ventricular drain (Gold standard - BTF Guidelines)
- Microtransducer ICP monitoring devices:
- Fibreoptic, strain gauge or pneumatic design
- Most commonly intraparenchymal placement
- May be intraventricular, epidural, subdural, or subarachnoidal placement
Possible sites for continuous ICP measurement
Non-Invasive (Surrogate markers)
- Transcranial doppler ultrasound
- Tympanic membrane displacement
- Optic nerve sheath diameter
- Imaging (CT & MRI)
- Fundoscopy & papilloedema
- Anterior fontanelle pressure monitoring