Primary

Primary

  • Genetic defects – usually autosomal recessive:
    • Function of cytotoxic T cells or NK cells
    • Inflammasome regulation

Secondary (Acquired)

Secondary (Acquired)

Viral Infections
  • EBV
  • HSV
  • HIV
  • CMV
29%
Other Infections
  • Bacterial
  • Protozoal (Malaria, Leishmania)
  • Fungal (Candida, Aspergillus)
  • Mycobacteria
  • Mycoplasma
20%
Malignancies:
  • Natural killer (NK) cell lymphomas
  • B-cell lymphomas
  • Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Leukaemia
  • Other hematologic neoplasms
  • Solid tumours
27%
Rheumatological Conditions
  • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
  • SLE
  • Adult-onset Still's Disease
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
7%
Immune Deficiency States
  • Stem or bone marrow transplant
  • Solid-organ transplant
  • Severe combined / common variable immunodeficiency
6%
Other
  • Haemodialysis
  • Pregnancy
  • Vaccination
Rare