- Traditionally considered as pulmonary and extra-pulmonary causes
- Ongoing debate about whether the 2 represent different disease processes
- Practically, treated in the same way
Pulmonary (Direct insult to the lungs)
- Pneumonia
- Aspiration
- Smoke inhalation
- Pulmonary contusion
- Submersion / drowning
Extrapulmonary (Indirect insult)
- Sepsis
- Trauma
- Burns
- Acute pancreatitis
- Transfusion reactions
- Drug reactions
- Cardiopulmonary bypass