How does the cytokine storm lead to the clinical syndrome in HLH?

Cytokine
Effects
TNF-α
  • Fever
  • Cachexia
  • Depression of haematopoesis
  • Hypertriglyceridaemia
  • Elevated serum transaminases
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • Suppression of NK cell activity
TFN-γ
  • Fever
  • Haemophagoctytocis
  • Depression of haematopoeisis
  • Macrophage activation
  • Stimulation of antigen presentation
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation
IL-1β
  • Fever Hyperferritinaemia
  • Depression of haematopoeisis
  • Acute phase proteins
  • T-cell activation
IL-6
  • Fever
  • Anaemia
  • Acute phase proteins
  • Renal failure
IL-10
  • Suppression of T-cell activation
  • Regulation of haemophagocytosis
IL-18
  • Hepatic damage
  • Supression of NK cell activity