2.3.4 Neurological & Neurosurgical Disorders Archives - Page 3 of 8

What are the common causes of aseptic meningitis?

Infectious VirusesMycobacteriumSyphilisCryptococcusListeriaBrucellaMycoplasmaNeurocysticercosisToxoplasmosisLeptospirosis Non-Infectious Autoimmune diseaseCarcinomatous meningitisParameninges infectionDrug-induced...

What are the bacteria commonly responsible for bacterial meningitis?

Causative bacteria for meningitis varies according to age: Neonates Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)Gram –ve bacilli (e.g. E. coli, Klebsiella, Haemophilus influenzae)Listeria Monocytogenes Children 1-24 months Neisseria MeningitidisStreptococcus...

What are the characteristic CSF findings of meningoencephalitis with different infective agents?

Opening Pressure (cm/H2O) Appearance RBC(per mm3) WCC(per mm3) Cell Differential Protein(g/L) Glucose-Serum Ratio Lactate(mmol/L) Microscopy and Gram Stain Culture PCR Other Normal 5-20 Clear, colourless <3 <5 Usually lymphocytes and monocytes 0.2-0.4...

How do you manage vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischaemia following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)??

Physical Induced HypertensionImproves CBF (possibly more in areas of vasospasm) with associated clinical improvementNoradrenaline safe and usually first line - no risk of increased vasospasmNo evidence of new rupture riskNo clear BP target or duration:Evidence...

What is delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) in the setting of subarachnoid haemorrhage? What is the relationship between vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI)?

Defined as neurological deterioration related to ischaemia (unrelated to treatment of the aneurysm) that persists for one hour and has no other cause The clinical syndrome is of focal neurologic deficits Approximately 25% of patients develop clinical evidence of...

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