Which thyroid hormones are measured routinely and what is their clinical utility?
Hormone Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Free Thyroxine (FT4) Total Thyroxine (T4) Total Triiodothyronine (T3) Normal Level 0.27 - 4.2 mU/L 12 - 22 pmol/L 5 to 12 μg/dL 3.1 - 6.8 pmol/L. Description A measure of plasma TSH which is produced by the pituitary gland...
What are the characteristic CSF findings in inflammatory and malignant conditions?
Opening Pressure (cm/H2O) Appearance RBC(per mm3) WCC(per mm3) Cell Differential Protein(g/L) Oligoclonal Bands Glucose-Serum Ratio Lactate(mmol/L) Normal 5-20 Clear, colourless <3 <5 Usually lymphocytes and monocytes 0.2-0.4 Absent 0.5-0.66(2.5-3.5 mmol/L)...
What are the characteristic CSF findings in subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)? How can this be differentiated from a ‘traumatic tap’?
Opening Pressure (cm/H2O) Appearance RBC(per mm3) WCC(per mm3) Protein(g/L) Glucose-Serum Ratio Lactate(mmol/L) Other Normal 5-20 Clear, colourless <3 <5 0.2-0.4 0.5-0.66(2.5-3.5 mmol/L) <2.8–3.5 - Traumatic Tap Normal Grossly bloody or clear...