- Pneumothorax:
- In any ventilated patient 1
- Tension pneumothorax after initial needle relief 1
- Persistent or recurrent pneumothoraxafter simple aspiration 1
- Large secondary spontaneous pneumothorax 1
- Malignant pleural effusion 1
- Empyema and complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion 1
- Traumatic haemo-pneumothorax 1
- Postoperative (for example, thoracotomy, oesophagectomy, cardiac surgery) 1
