- Overall rate of serious complications is of (<1%)
Vascular Complications
- Extravasation (most common)
- Compartment syndrome (if large extravasation or infiltration goes unnoticed)
- Embolism (air or fat)
Osseous Complications
- Fracture of the target bone
- Necrosis of epiphyseal plate
- Osteomyelitis (0.6% - associated with use of hypertonic solutions)
- Penetration through posterior cortex
Other
- Pain on insertion
- Skin necrosis
- Cellulitis and local infection
- Injury to local structures