• Small volume of distribution (<1L/kg) 1
  • Low degree of protein-binding 1
  • High water solubility 1
  • Low molecular weight 1:
    • Only smaller molecules (up to 500 Da) are cleared by hemodialysis
    • Up to a maximum 40 kDa can be cleared by hemofiltration
  • Low endogenous clearance (<4 ml/min/kg) 1
  • Extraction ratio exceeding endogenous elimination 1