Symptoms
  • Abdominal Pain:
    • Epigastric
    • Radiates to back
    • Severe in nature
    • Alleviated by leaning forward
  • Nausea (1)
Parenchymal
  • Systemic features: (1)
    • Tachycardia
    • Pyrexia
  • Vomiting (1)
  • Abdominal distension (1)
  • Peritonism (1)
  • Signs of retroperitoneal haemorrhage (1) (tracks along tissue planes)
    • Grey–Turner’s sign: bruising of the flanks
    • Cullen’s sign: peri-umbilical bruising
    • Fox’s sign: bruising of the inguinal ligament