- TTP is said to present with a classic pentad of features:
- However, not all features are required to be present to make a diagnosis
- Additional features are also commonly seen in TTP
- Patients report feeling unwell for several weeks before presenting:
- Usually, experience flu-like symptoms
- Relapses present much quicker
Classic 'Diagnostic' Pentad
- Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
- Thrombocytopaenia - often initial diagnostic feature
- Acute kidney injury (35%)
- Fever (25%)
- Neurological dysfunction (80%) - Altered mental state, headaches, confusion, seizures, intracranial haemorrhage, focal deficits
Additional Features
- Cardiac dysfunction (40%) - elevated troponin, large territory ECG changes not common as microvascular involvement
- GI dysfunction (35%)
- Flu-like symptoms - often experienced for several weeks before presentation