Give 5 late complications that may arise with the presence of a subclavian vein catheter?

Due to Needle
  • Pleural puncture:
    • Pneumothorax
    • Haemothorax
    • Intrapleural placement of the line
  • Carotid artery puncture
    • Intimal dissection
    • Emboli
    • Flow obstruction and cerebral infarction
  • Local haematoma of neck
  • Nerve injury:
    • Vagus Nerve
    • Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
    • Sympathetic tract - Horner's syndrome
    • Phrenic nerve
    • Brachial plexus
  • Thyroid puncture
  • Thoracic duct puncture (low, left-sided approach)
Due to Line
  • Arrhythmias following line insertion
  • Air embolism
  • Guidewire embolisation
  • Infection:
    • Localised 1
    • Bloodstream 1
  • Vessel stenosis 1
  • Thrombosis 1
  • Cardiac tamponade (following erosion of vessel wall by line tip) 1
  • Microshock 1