Introduction You are anaesthetising for a paediatric ENT list which includes children and infants of a range of ages. A medical student is placed in theatre and wants to know about the relevant physiological and anatomical differences between children and...
Features Large head, short neck and a prominent occiput. Epiglottis is long, stiff and U-shaped. It flops posteriorly Tongue is relatively large Larynx is high, anterior (at the level of C3 - C4) and more acutely angledVocal cords are angled more anteriorly rather...
Features Limited respiratory reserve due to fatigable muscles, differing respiratory mechanics, increased dead space and reduced functional residual capacity (FRC) Ventilation is primarily diaphragmaticDiaphragm is relatively horizontal rather than dome shapedBulky...
Features Myocardium less contractileVentricle is less compliant and less able to generate tension during contractionLimits size of and changes in stroke volume Vagal parasympathetic tone is most dominantSinus arrhythmia is common Systolic, diastolic, and mean BP...
