Percutaneous Surgical Advantages Relatively quick in experienced handsAvoids need for transfer of unstable patientsDoes not require involvement of surgeonsCheaperSmaller scarTighter stoma that decreases stomal bleeding and provides better fit Can be performed when...
Absolute Contraindications Patient RefusalUnstable fractures of the cervical spineSevere local infection of the anterior neck Uncontrollable coagulopathy Relative Contraindications Lack of need:Unlikely to survive >48 hoursUnlikely to require >2 weeks...
Immediate (During Insertion) Arrest and Death (1/600)Haemorrhage (minor or severe) - 4.8%Misplacement (pre-tracheal tissues or to main bronchus)HypoxiaInjury to local structures:Pneumothorax and surgical emphysemaOesophageal perforationVascular injuryThyroid...
