Type

Recommendation
Primary
Congenital

    Acquired
  • Bicuspid valve (2% prevalence - typically presents 4th to 6th decade)
  • Congenital subaortic membrane
  • Other congenital heart disease (e.g. supravalvular stenosis)
    • Degenerative (senile) calcification - most common in the UK
    • Rheumatic heart disease (usually associated with mitral valve disease)
    • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
    • Paget's disease
    • Radiation
    • Drugs